![]() Torontali ZA, Fraigne JJ, Sanghera P, Horner R, Peever J.Cerebral perfusion changes during cataplexy in narcolepsy patients. The neuronal network responsible for paradoxical sleep and its dysfunctions causing narcolepsy and rapid eye movement (REM) behavior disorder. Hypocretin (orexin) biology and the pathophysiology of narcolepsy with cataplexy. Liblau RS, Vassalli A, Seifinejad A, Tafti M. A case-control study of the environmental risk factors for narcolepsy. Hypocretin-1 modulates rapid eye movement sleep through activation of locus coeruleus neurons. Insomnia, parasomnias, and narcolepsy in children: clinical features, diagnosis, and management. The hypocretin neuron system: an arousal system in the human brain. Reduced number of hypocretin neurons in human narcolepsy. Thannickal TC, Moore RY, Nienhuis R, Ramanathan L, Gulyani S, Aldrich M, et al. Primary progressive narcolepsy type 1: the other side of the coin. Pizza F, Vandi S, Liguori R, Parchi P, Avoni P, Mignot E, et al. The prevalence of narcolepsy in Catalunya (Spain). Pseudo status Cataplecticus in narcolepsy type 1. Meinen CN, Smith KM, Tillema JM, Kotagal S. Stereotyped episodes of aphasia and immobility: how cataplexy mimics stroke in an elderly patient. "I feel my arm shaking": partial cataplexy mistaken for drug-resistant focal epilepsy. 2018 23(6):e95–e101.ĭinkelacker V, Nguyen-Michel VH, Thivard L, Navarro V, Adam C, Pallanca O, et al. A retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics of childhood narcolepsy. Clinical characteristics and burden of illness in pediatric patients with narcolepsy. The clinical characteristics of cataplectic attack in narcolepsy type 1. Huang B, Xu T, Wang Z, Chen K, Zhang J, Zhao Z, et al. The positive diagnosis of narcolepsy and narcolepsy's borderland. Moscovitch A, Partinen M, Guilleminault C. Roth T, Dauvilliers Y, Mignot E, Montplaisir J, Paul J, Swick T, et al. The diagnosis and treatment of pediatric narcolepsy. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine-International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Diagnostic and Coding Manual. Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: ĪASM. There is no cure for narcolepsy, but cataplexy can be well-managed with current and promising new treatment options on the horizon. SummaryĬataplexy remains a challenge for children and adults with narcolepsy and can interfere with daily activities. Patients with cataplexy reported greater limitations of daily activities such as driving and exercise compared to patients without cataplexy. First-line treatment options for cataplexy include sodium oxybate and pitolisant, with many drugs such as AXS-12, FT218, and JZP258 under investigation. Longitudinal research in adults suggests that there may be a remission of cataplectic severity after symptom stabilization. This article reviews recent research on the clinical characteristics of cataplexy. Cataplexy is the sudden loss of muscle tone in either the face, neck, trunk, and/or limbs, leading to a loss of voluntary muscle control. In a further study in 105 patients with narcolepsy and cataplexy, Wakix was also more effective than placebo at reducing the number of cataplexy attacks per week: the number of cataplexy attacks decreased from around 9 to around 3 per week in patients taking Wakix, while it remained at around 7 per week in patients taking placebo.Narcolepsy is a central disorder of hypersomnolence with symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep paralysis, and cataplexy. When looking at sleepiness with an objective test called Maintenance of Wakefulness Test or MWT, the results of the two studies together showed that Wakix significantly improved wakefulness compared with placebo. The second study, however, did not show a difference between Wakix and placebo at reducing sleepiness or cataplexy. Results from this study also showed a decrease in the number of cataplexy attacks. The first study showed that Wakix was more effective than placebo at reducing daytime sleepiness: patients taking Wakix had an average reduction of 3 points more in the ESS scale than those taking placebo after 8 weeks of treatment. This is a standard scale used in patients with narcolepsy which ranges from 0 to 24. The main measure of effectiveness was based on how sleepy patients felt during daytime, assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale or ESS. The studies compared Wakix with placebo (a dummy treatment). Wakix has been investigated in 2 main studies involving a total of 261 adults with narcolepsy, the majority of whom also had cataplexy.
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